Thursday, August 28, 2014

Nostalgia

  Recently, I have gotten back into the animated television show "Ed, Edd, 'n' Eddy." My favorite show as a kid (and one of my  favorite shows of all time). It is better than I remember. I now get the sometimes subtle jokes that the show deploys. I also appreciate the slapstick, and the loose, wild animation.  However, I suppose that part of my newfound enjoyment of the show stems, in part, from an inherent sense of nostalgia. Nostalgia is an emotion many humans have, whether they know it or not. All humans feel an appreciation or a longing for the past. Because they are dissatisfied with the present, or they simply want to reflect on a time that was simpler (in their eyes).Nosalgia is a natural feeling to have. Why point this out? Well, I hope it mitigates the  response that I might get from this article.
      Recently, there has been a boom in 80's-90's nostalgia. There are entire websites and tv shows dedicated to the culture of these two cultures, and appreciation of them. ABC's "The Goldbergs" is a show that completely emmerses itself in 80's nostalgia. Buzzfeed has daily lists dedicated to the topic. Definitely, the internet has given us a whole new culture of old. This is of course nothing new. The 70's and 80's worshiped the 50's and 60's. The 90's had an affinity for the 60's and 70's. Now, it is the 80's and 90's that the disgruntled older masses have decided to latch on. Of course, there is no inherent problem in occasionally indulging your childhood likes and dislikes. However, if I were to leave it at that, there would be no use for this article.
   If internet nerds were merely expressing their love of their childhood, that's one thing. However, constantly proclaiming that your childhood is superior to anyone else's childhood is whole different matter entirely. That, ladies and gentlemen, is the point of this article. The people who will constantly degrade the present, and put divinity towards their childhood. Rational people are irritated by this. However, they infest every part of the internet. They will constantly say "Why, the 90's were BETTER. I mean we had (this) and (that), which is much better than the crap of today." You would see this comment at times on Youtube or Facebook. Now, before you chastise me for trying respond to irrelevant peoples who have no bearing on society whatsoever, I write this as a counterpoint to the mainstream nostalgia obsession, as well as this trolls.
      Were the 90's better? Well, you can't really answer that. Every historical era is flawed in one way or the other. One can find several things that would dampen 50's-60's. The 80's and 90's were no different. Yes, the Eighties had Star Wars, ET, and Back to the Future. It also had Troll 2, Heaven's Gate, Howard the Duck, and Mommie Dearest. You may have great music acts, too numerous to count, I will admit, but you also have equal amount of terrible music. It may not have cell phones, but it did AIDS, and crack, lots of it. The 90's also have flaws. Think of all of the Direct to Video films that Disney and other companies spewed out every year of the decade.  While there were many good video games from, there were also a lot really bad ones, many from the Giants Nintendo and Sega. This one fellow on Youtube said that we had less terror problems. Yeah, so Waco, the WTC bombing, the bombings at the Atlanta Olympics, Osama Bin Laden's 1998 attack on the Tanzanian Embassy all of a sudden don't count. And there were more obscure acts of terrorism that occurred during the decade. (When I confronted the guy, he claimed that "Waco wasn't terrorism (which I suppose is debatable), and that they caught Ramzi Yousef in 5 years (Why this matters, and how this makes the incident not count as terrorism is beyond me). I could go on, but then, I'd go into personal preference, which might compromise the piece.
     If you enjoyed something as a child, and you just like the show just due to that reason, that's fine. For the EE'n'E example above, I know that there might be people who will criticize that show for reasons that I'm sure are valid. However, I would like to challenge the idea that all nostalgic things are "good." I will take the example of Pokemon, particularly the first generation. A lot of people will tell you that they like only the first generations, and the other generations are "inferior." (I loathe such persons passionately, but that is neither here or now). Was the First Generation the best? In my opinion, no. The region is boring, the story is lackluster, the graphics really haven't aged well in 17 years. It was revolutionary in 1996, I am certain, and it was the first, so they had no precedent to work off of. However, that was 1996. In modern times, the games of generation 1 haven't held up. And that's not even going into the Pokemon, which are very childish, and very simple. (And don't tell me that is part of their charm. Yes, I suppose there is an appeal of sorts to simple Pokemon. There are simple Pokemon in every generation, yet people seem to loathe them too. So, why do you excuse the First generation for having a blob, a rock with arms, and a pokeball, but than proceed to heap hate onto Trubbish or Vanilluxe) I only like 5 or 6 pokemon from this particular generation. I freely admit this could be bias. I didn't grow up on Generation 1. I got into Pokemon in generations 2 and 3, and I prefer them, because that's what I grew up on, so perhaps I've fallen into the same mindset as the ones I condemn, but you see my point. (Further, I do understand if many find faults in later generations. I myself wasn't all impressed with Gen VI's lineup, but this isn't out of nostalgia, and more out of critical examination)  Nostalgia is not a marker of quality. Just because you played and/or watched something in the past does not make it the greatest ever. That is simply personal taste, and that is not quantitative.
       Do I get nostalgic? Well, not much. Sometimes, I watch Cartoon Network's current line-up, and I think of the shows that I grew up watching on the network. However, I don't bemoan that the network has somehow declined in recent years. It simply has different shows now, shows that are being watched by a generation not older than when I was watching it. These are their nostalgic shows, and they will forever cherish them, much as I, and the targets of this article, cherish our childhood memories. Nostalgia is not an inherently bad thing. However, when you are obsessed with the past and its supposed perfection, you ignore what was wrong with yesterday, and what is good about today, or what will be good for the future. The past is the past, and continually insisting that it was untarnished is not helpful in securing a good present or future. In the end, you must let go of the past if you want to have a bright future. Nostalgia is something that we will all have. However, if you let your nostalgia consume your being, you'll always be stuck in the past.

Friday, August 1, 2014

The Jungle Palace of Henry Ford

     

When one thinks of jungle ruins, one thinks of ancient Maya or Aztec ruins, or ancient Buddhist temples, encased in vines, forever lost to history. However, there are a particular set of ruins in the Amazon which does not conform to these stereotypes. Here, the ruins are instead of factories, and of homes, and of farms. It almost looks like an American small town, which has been abandoned. Odd place for it, considering it is deep in the jungles of Brazil. This is Fordlandia, the lost dream of Henry Ford, and a warning to all who try this experiment again.
In the 1920's, Ford was booming. Their Model T cars had proven a major success, and they could be seen across the nation. This put company founder Henry Ford, the 65 year old young farmer's son turned engineer turned innovator to the national spotlight, and cemented his place in the American fabric, making him a household name. However, he was facing a bit of a crisis. With the amount of cars he was churning out, he needed an extravagant amount of rubber for tires. However, rubber production and trade was controlled by a small group of British and Dutch robber barons, who grew the rubber trees in British Malaysia, and the Dutch East Indies. It was incredibly expensive to purchase raw rubber. Seeking a cheaper way of obtaining rubber, he decided to look for other places. The rubber tree is not native to South East Asia. It was smuggled in 1870's to the region, and that is how the rubber plantations began. The tree was actually indigenous to the Amazon rain forest. Given this information, Ford reasoned that perhaps he could establish his own Rubber produce, breaking the monopoly, and supplying his company with a cheap supply of rubber.
In 1928, he hired a local surveyor to scout out a location. The surveyor found a 25,000 square kilometer area called Boa Vista (Portuguese for "Good View"), which Ford subsequently selected for Fordlandia. He soon brought a barrage of machines to develop the area. After building the necessary location, he soon sent several workers to the region. Scores of Ford's workers came to Fordlandia to help Ford's vision. Soon, indigenous workers joined them in Fordlandia, with promises of higher pay. Boa Vista was transformed from a wild patch of rainforest to a sprawling 20's American suburb, complete with a power plant, a modern hospital, a library, a golf course, a hotel, and rows of white clapboard houses with wicker patio furniture. It had swimming pools, and a variety of businesses, from tailors to restaurants to bakeries. It It was vision of American perfection, as envisioned by Ford. However, problems arose almost instantly. Henry Ford had very strong conservative, Mid-Western values, which he tried to impose on his workers. He had a policy that all workers had to lead pious, "christian" lives, or they would be fired. The same policy was applied not just to the American members of Fordlandia, but also to the Indigenous workers. Obviously, this wasn't Michigan, and the workers rebelled against the new restrictions, including no women, no alcohol, and having to work a 9-to-5 shift (in the hot equatorial sun). Another problem natives had was the foreign products. They were baffled by concepts like cafeteria self-serving (they were more accustomed to having food brought to them, and the American homes. They also had to eat alien foods like Hamburgers (how quaint), and participate in American festivities. Tensions began to rise between the workers and the administrators. Business of dubious morality were established outside the town's border, to serve the unholy desires of the workers, serving them rum, and giving them women. As if the tensions of the workers wasn't enough, the rubber production wasn't going well at all. Ford hadn't hired any botanist for this project (due to his anti-intellectualism), and relied primarily on the cleaverness of his engineers. His engineer's cleaverness allowed for two hundred trees to be grown per acre, despite there being 7 per acre. The reason was that the trees would fall prey to leaf blight, caterpillars, and ants. And sure enough, many of the trees were rendered ineffective. This is why the Asian Plantations were more successful. South-East Asia did not have the rubber trees natural predators, so they could grow in vast numbers. However, in the Amazon, it was an open feast for the insects and fungi. As months of unproductivity increased, worker discontent also rose. This wasn't helped by an outbreak of malaria (due to the hilly terrain pooling water, allowing for mosquitos to breed.) Then, one day, finally fed up with the conditions, one Brazilian man rose, and declare that he could no longer tolerate the conditions. Soon, others joined in, and a rebellion began. The management fled to the boats, whilst the workers, armed with machetes, destroyed the cafeteria, and spread chaos through the colony. When the Brazilian army arrived three days later, the colony had been severely damaged. Another rebellion arose over workers brought from Barbados, who were taking jobs from the native workers. Finally realizing the mistake he made, Ford hired a botanist. After examining the land, the botantist concluded the land was not suited for rubber production. Ford had bought faulty land from the local surveyor. Undeterred, Ford decided to shift locations to a new area called Belterra. Here, the American traditions were relaxed (although Ford balked at the idea of building a Catholic church, even though the workers were predominantly Catholic). The weather was more conducive to Rubber production. However, by 1945, synthetic rubber had been created. Ford, humiliated, sold the land back to Brazil, and abandoned the two plantations to their fate. The Brazilian government tried to use the abandoned factory for their own uses, but this was short lived. Now, the regions provides tourism and agriculture for the curious. Fordlandia cost the Ford company 200 million dollars in 2013 dollars. It now serves a lesson, actually several lessons. If you run a million dollar enterprise, and you seek to make a risky investment, consult experts before engaging in said enterprise. What is acceptable to people in Michigan may not be understood or accepted by Brazilians. And never try to impose your alien values onto people who are unfamiliar. Fordlandia's story continues to intrigue many, and will serve as a parable for generations to come.
Sources:
F

ordlandia by Mary A. Dempsey- Michigan History Online

http://wayback.archive-it.org/418/20080304195857/http://www.michiganhistorymagazine.com/extra/fordlandia/fordlandia.html

THE RUINS OF FORDLĂ‚NDIA
ARTICLE #207 • WRITTEN BY ALAN BELLOWS- Damn Interesting
http://www.damninteresting.com/the-ruins-of-fordlandia/
Fordlandia: The Failure Of Ford's Jungle Utopia- NPR
http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=105068620
Fordlândia- From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fordl%C3%A2ndia